Islamic Civilization

Recitation Notes XI 03/30/2012 Be strugglee Britons Bearing Greeks: crack up and partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, 1914-1923 Themes: Emergence of crude oil as a strategic commodity and impact on pacification treaties in the former Ottoman Empire; Turkish war of independence and Greco-British imperialism; lineament of the Soviet coalescence in promoting self-directed states in Turkey and Iran. Central parameter: Although Great spot inte expects helped compliance the post-WWI Middle East, the ambitions and accomplishments of local leaders Venizelos, Mustafa Kemal, and Reza Shah were equally alpha during the period between 1919-1923. Outline and tombstone Terms: anele: One of the key topics we must discourse to make smell of the First World War and the rest of the 20th degree Celsius in the Middle East is the role and history of oil. - Up until 1911 oil was an important commodity, but only for consumer goods (lighting, heating); in 1911, the Bri tish Navy (largest in the world) switches to an oil-burning, instead of coal-burning, fleet. o Largest world producers in early 1900s: US, Russia, Persia, Mexico, Dutch East Indies, Romania. o Oil allows ships to can faster and go further without refueling. o really a result of concession diplomacy; British oil comes preponderantly from Persia, where due to the dArcy concession in 1901 they comport entry to virtually all of the oil wells discovered and real(a) in Persia (after 1908). - During WWI, oil becomes the most strategically vital commodity on the planet and, outside of Romania, Europe doesnt squander away any of it! - Control over oil allow shape the intended partition of the OE after WWI. Treaties of Sevres (1920) & Lausanne (1923): - Treaty of Sevres intends to compartmentalise the inherent Ottoman Empire including Anatolia up into zones of occupation, with an independent Armenia, Kurdish zone, and Turkish rump state. The meshed areas would inc lude British, French, Italian, and Greek enc! laves, with an multinational zone centered on Istanbul...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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